Ecology and Management of Blueweed (Echium vulgare L.)

Invasive Species Technical Note Number MT-26

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Invasive Species Technical Note Number MT-26 (PDF; 145 KB)

By
Melissa Graves, Weeds Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Specialist, Montana State University
Jane Mangold, Extension Invasive Plant Specialist, Montana State University
Jim Jacobs, Plant Materials Specialist, NRCS, Bozeman, Montana

Abstract

Blueweed is a European biennial or short-lived perennial in the Boraginaceae plant family. It grows from a taproot to over 36 inches tall (see Figure 1), is covered with bristly hairs, and has showy blue flowers with pink to red stamens. Spreading only by seed which disperse via hay/grain contamination, water transport, and on the fur of animals, it was first reported in Montana in 1916 and currently is known to occur in seven northwestern counties and in Yellowstone County. It grows well on disturbed sites with coarse, low-fertility soils, and is found along roads, waterways, vacant lots, farm fields, and rangeland. The plant is not considered palatable to livestock because of its coarse hairs and toxic alkaloids that can cause liver failure. Herbicide trials show metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, or their combination is effective in reducing populations. Hand pulling that removes the taproot may be practical for managing small populations. Populations can re-establish from the seeds in the soil that can survive for three or more years.

Figure 1. Farmer with blueweed plants over 36 inches in height (Photo courtesy of Stevens County, Washington, Noxious Weed Control Board, 2000).

Plant Biology

• Identification
• Life History, Habitat, Spread and Impacts

Management Alternatives

• Chemical, Mechanical and Cultural Control
• Biological Control, Revegetation and IPM

Reference

Klemow, K.M., D.R. Clements, P.F. Threadgill, and P.B. Carvers. 2002. The biology of Canadian weeds. 116. Echium vulgare L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 82: 235-248.

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Last Modified: 10/26/2009