Soil Quality and Construction Activity

Erosion

Erosion on construction sites is one of the most serious problems facing urban soil quality. Erosion, which produces sediment, is accelerated when soil is disturbed or left bare and exposed to wind and water. Although erosion on construction sites often affects only a small percentage of a watershed, it can be a major source of sediment. The potential for erosion in construction areas can be 100 times greater than on agricultural land and the delivery rate to receiving waters is much higher.

Construction grading compacts the soil and exposes land to erosive rain and wind.

Compaction

Compaction is the other serious issue facing urban soil quality. It occurs when soil particles are pressed together. As soil particles are squeezed together, soil density increases and pore space for air and water are reduced. Lack of pore space in the soil reduces water intake and movement throughout its layers. Compaction also limits root growth and the biological diversity of the soil. These problems are compounded when organic matter content is lost by topsoil removal. For homeowners, compacted soil with low organic matter makes it difficult to establish and maintain lawns and landscaping. In urban communities, soil compaction can lead to low infiltration rates, increased erosion and storm water runoff, decreased water quality due to more polluted runoff, and increased flooding.

It is essential that exposed land and compaction be minimized during urban construction. Communities need to work with developers and contractors to limit compaction and soil loss during construction operations.

Permitting

Disturbing over one acre for construction purposes typically requires a stormwater discharge permit issued by the State of Montana. For more information visit the Montana Department of Environmental Quality website.

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Last Modified: 07/05/2007